
When the Egyptians first dared to sail the Mediterranean and Red Sea with river boats, they found that even the smaller waves crumbling fragile structure of the hull, keel and devoid of ribs. Improved the overall strength of reinforcing old sycamore tables and the ties, increased the height of freeboard to prevent the waves swept the deck and protected with high coamings. But the main problem was the grief suffered by the town to overcome waves of a certain magnitude. The loss is the formation that starts in a town where the middle part of it is situated on the crest of a wave and the bow and stern fall to not be submerged. This distortion to the hull undergoes significant efforts and, in vessels of antiquity, caused it to break suddenly or ended up damaging its structure, causing waterways impossible to plug that caused the sinking of the boat.
To solve this serious problem, the Phoenicians developed later the keel, but the trees Egyptians had sufficient thickness and length. So they devised a system consisting of a large out of many strands that ran lengthwise along the center line, supported and guided by a fork. This place was clinging to the bow and stern, and tightened by twisting a lever or cross tortor inserted in the strings. This ingenious acting of a keel on the contrary, and holding the bow and stern on the crest of the waves, greatly increasing longitudinal resistance of the hull.
In these first ships that sailed the sea glimpsed aft quarterdeck beginning to emerge as a superstructure designed to Guarner the sculls of government and where is located the control of the boat. The sails were square and rather higher than wide. They had a yard with two arms tied at each end that the guided the wind. These candles could not carry more than 110 ° of wind incidence, for what they were furled and the shot stick when they encountered headwinds, a situation in which the oars came into play.
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