Some configurations of rigging of the ships, with different combinations of square and lateen sails .
The main feature that differentiated the previous ships of the ships sails were Latino, early XV century, as a rule, was hoisted in all the clubs, whatever their number, that allowed them to win easily upwind. With winds of stern drives used treos long run, square candles are specially designed to navigate in conditions of great difficulty, and also were called fortune candles. Yet, paradoxically, the lateen not respond well to cruising, so the ships that were engaged in this kind of adaptations were mixed with the square sail, the more effective in the harsh ocean conditions.
The Portuguese were the first to realize the dangers of rigging the ships Latino when they sailed through with hard winds and rough sea, this was due to instability of the vast entena and its hard to maneuver. To solve this problem, turned the lateen sail on the foremast square, resulting in the so-called round caravel. The square sail was better distributed to the surface along the lateen yard of his antenna, and for this reason was much more manageable. Two famous examples of such conversions occurred in La Pinta and La Niña , the ships of Columbus' first voyage, the first available lateen and became round or square on the foremast and mainmast before out of Palos, and the second underwent the same transformation in the Canaries.
The Portuguese caravels of the first Age of Discovery were entirely Latino, reached between 50 and 60 tons displacement, measured from 20 to 25 meters in length and had two or three masts without bowsprit and foremast, the mainmast was located approximately in the middle of town, and bore a stepdaughter whose length equal the length reached. The round ships, which is also called navy ships of Spain, reached much larger, especially in Portugal, where 180 tons came despite four poles and trees, always with the round sails on the foremast only. To meet the growing needs of accommodation and stowage of cargo, a castle appeared small size makes them less forward, however, able to navigate upwind due to increased depression.
With experience in ocean travel, round the ships reached high levels of refinement. The most representative of this group with the English Nuestra Señora de Atocha and Our Lady of Good Success , both built in Lisbon in the fifteenth century. Did not exceed 80 tons and carrying two guns on each side, the crew was 40 men and armament consisted of four guns and four masons (a primitive fire hydrants that shot stones of various sizes). The rig had four sticks and candles were Latin except in the ratchet, carrying square sails.
There is a written record of this type of ships, conducted by the explorers brothers Bartolomé and Gonzalo Garcia de Nodal, who in September 1618, Lisbon participated in an exploratory trip to Tierra del Fuego. The chroniclers praised how to navigate and the speed of these boats, which at that time gave way to the galleon, which became the king of the ocean a century later. In Spain retains a final document in 1639, on a caravel. In Portugal, his life was longer, and the last news of them appeared in the Gazette of Lisbon from June 11, 1738, it describes a caravel washed up on the beach in Esmoriz pursued by privateers.
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